ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) - India

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is the space agency of the Government of India, responsible for the country's space program. It was founded in 1969, and since then, it has played a significant role in India's advancements in space technology and exploration. Here are some key points about ISRO:

1. Foundation and Objectives:

   • ISRO was founded on August 15, 1969, by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who is often regarded as the father of the Indian space program.
   • The primary objectives of ISRO include the development and application of space technology for peaceful purposes, such as communication, earth observation, satellite navigation, and scientific research.

2. Satellite Launch Vehicles:

   • ISRO has developed a series of satellite launch vehicles, including the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), to deploy satellites into various orbits.

3. Milestones:

   • India's first satellite, Aryabhata, was launched by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1975.
   • The successful launch of the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2013 made India the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt.

4. Communication Satellites:

   • ISRO has developed a robust network of communication satellites, such as the INSAT and GSAT series, to provide telecommunications, broadcasting, and broadband services across the country.

5. Earth Observation Satellites:

   • ISRO has launched a series of Earth observation satellites, including the IRS and Cartosat series, for applications such as agriculture monitoring, disaster management, and urban planning.

6. International Collaboration:

   • ISRO collaborates with various international space agencies and organizations for joint missions, technology exchange, and research.

7. Chandrayaan and Aditya-L1:

   • Chandrayaan-1, launched in 2008, was India's first lunar probe. ISRO is planning future lunar missions, including Chandrayaan-3.
   • Aditya-L1 is a planned mission to study the Sun, focusing on understanding the outermost layer of the Sun called the corona.

8. Gaganyaan:

   • ISRO is working on the Gaganyaan mission, India's first manned space mission, which aims to send Indian astronauts (called Gagannauts) into space.

ISRO continues to make advancements in space technology, contributing to scientific research, national development, and global cooperation in space exploration.